框架语义学视角下航空英语半技术词一词多义现象及汉译策略探究

半技术词(semi-technical word)或次技术词(sub-technical word)是科技文体中应用最广的词,有学者认为,科学思想和技术内容的展开主要依靠半技术词来实现。在航空领域,英语半技术词汇呈现出体量大、词频高、跨学科、多义性、语义负荷低等语用特征。尽管多数半技术词汇没有形成严格的体系,但其词义往往取决于专业内容和词的联立关系,这种联立关系即行业背景下的语义框架。对于航空英语半技术词汇中普遍存在的一词多义现象,可以运用框架语义学的视角加以描述阐释,为译者术语知识体系的建构提供认知基础,进而为此类术语的翻译决策过程提供行之有效的策略。

Polysemous Semi-technical Words in Aviation English and E-C Translating Strategies from the Perspective of Frame Semantics

Semi-technical words, or sub-technical words, are the most widely used words in science and technology, and some scholars believe that the development of scientific thought and technical content mainly relies on semi-technical words. In the field of aviation, the semi-technical vocabulary in English presents pragmatic features such as large volume, high frequency, interdisciplinary, polysemy and low semantic load. Although most of the semi-technical words do not form a strict system, their meanings often depend on the professional content and the interconnection with adjacent words. This kind of dependence or interconnection is considered as the semantic framework in the industry context. For ubiquitous polysemy in the vocabulary of aviation English, it is easy to be described and interpreted by the framework semantics, which provides a cognitive basis for the construction of the translator’s terminology knowledge system, and thus provides effective strategies for the translator in his/her decision-making process of such terminology.