路网联网收费位置与费率组合优化模型与算法

对经济欠发达、交通流量小的地区公路网联网收费现状的调查表明，如果对所有可收费的路段都实施收费，可能出现某些收费路段经营处于亏损状况。因此，在决策路网最优收费费率的同时，还需对路网最佳收费位置进行选择。研究如何利用双层规划模型来测算公路网联网收费位置与费率组合优化的问题具有现实意义，上层以路网用户盈余最大化为目标，下层是弹性需求下的多车型随机用户均衡配流模型，双层模型很好地兼顾了相关各方的利益。基于模型求解的复杂性和困难性，文中采用遗传-模拟退火的求解算法，算例表明用多车型的双层规划模型测算收费位置与费率的组合优化是合理有效的。

Research on Combined Optimization Model and Algorithm of Highway Network Toll Location and Toll Rate

The present condition of highway network toll in some regions, where economy are not flourishing and transportation flows are low, indicates that if we carry out the charges on all roads which can be tolled, it will be placed some toll roads to the deficiency condition. Therefore, when we determine the optimal network toll rate, we should need to choose the optimal toll location at the same time. Proposing a bi-level programming model to determine the optimal toll location combine with toll rate for highway network, The upper objective is consumer surplus which should be maximized, while the lower is multi-vehicle stochastic user equilibrium with elastic demand. Because of complex property, a kind of genetic algorithm-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm method is proposed, and a numerical example is given. The result show that this model is reasonable and effective.