利用微生物将棉籽中游离棉酚脱毒的研究

本文通过添加棉酚的培养基进行微生物的自然筛选和诱变育种,获得5株对棉酚有高脱毒率而不产黄曲霉毒素的霉菌,对未经榨油的棉籽仁粉的微生物脱毒率达60％—74％。它们分别属于梨孢帚霉属(Scopulariopsis sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)、串珠霉属(Monilia sp.)和红曲霉属(Monascus sp.)。通过测定经固态发酵脱毒处理后棉籽仁粉、饼粉中游离棉酚的残留量证实棉籽饼脱毒后游离棉酚含量达到安全标准。对发酵后棉籽仁粉、饼粉的动物毒性试验和营养分析,结果也表明发酵后的棉籽仁粉、饼粉毒性大为减少而营养价值却有所提高。

Detoxication of Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal by Microorganisms

Five strains of molds which are able to detoxicate free gossypol were scree-ned from mildewed cottonseed meal. They were selected by using Czapek mediumcontaining 0.4% gossypol. These molds were initially identified as Scopulariop-sis sp., Aspergillus sp., Monilia sp., and Monascus sp.. After the cottonseedmeal was fermented in solid-state by these organisms, the reduction of free gos-sypol ranged from 60% to 74%. The nutritional value of the fermented materialimproved considerably and no aflatoxin can be detected. The animal toxicitytest also confirmed that the toxicity of the fermented cottonseed meal is reduced.