基于大位阻烯烃的光驱动分子马达——从分子机器到智能材料

分子机器是指在分子级别上能根据外界刺激作出类似机械运动响应的分子.基于大位阻烯烃的光驱动分子马达，在特定波长照射下，碳碳双键可以发生异构，可通过热力学过程控制单向旋转的方向.单向旋转的特殊性是区别于其他光响应分子开关的最重要特征.文章主要介绍分子马达的功能性合成，并简述其在可控分子运动、动态自组装和智能材料方面的研究进展.

Light-Driven Molecular Motors Based on Overcrowded Alkenes: From Molecular Machines to Smart Materials

Molecular machines are molecules that can perform mechanical movement like motion upon stimulation. The central carbon-carbon double bond in the light-driven molecular motors based on overcrowded alkenes can undergo photochemical isomerization upon irradiation by certain wavelength light, which is followed by a thermal step to control the unidirectionality of the rotation. The unidirectional rotation is the most important feature that distinguishes this type of motor from other photo-responsive switches. This review introduces the functional synthesis of the motors and describes their application in controlled molecular motion, dynamic self-assembled system and smart materials.