云南及边境地区野生动物及其制品非法贸易调查?

对云南省的3个主要城市、7个边境一级口岸和2个缅甸边境城市及1个越南边境城市野生动物及其制品贸易开展了实地调查.调查记录到的贸易涉及野生动物物种共46种,从种类多到少排序依次分别是兽类22种,占47.8%;爬行类19种,占41.3%;鸟类3种,占6.5%;两栖类2种,占4.3%.其中国家重点保护野生动物19种,占物种总数的41.3%;CITES附录物种24种,占总数的52.2%.分析表明:穿山甲(Manis spp.)、亚洲象(Elephas maximus)、虎(Panthera tigris ssp.)和熊(Ursus spp.)制品贸易频次较高,其销售用途主要是药用和收藏,国内外贸易市场上均有出售,且遇见频次在国外较国内市场高.除动物制品外,非法贸易还包括穿山甲、巨蜥(Varanus salvator)和龟鳖等活体,其中穿山甲频次较高.此外,针对非保护物种的贸易有逐渐增加的趋势.根据本研究的结果,笔者建议针对不同的贸易目的分别采用引导、扶持和制定政策满足合理需求,同时加强执法、市场监管、国际合作和公众教育,从而实现对保护物种非法贸易的严格禁止和非保护物种的可持续利用.

A survey on illegal wildlife and products trade in Yunan Province and neighboring border area

We conducted a covert survey on illegal trade of wildlife and products in 3 major cites,7 class-one border ports in Yunnan Province,China,and 2 neighboring border cities in Burma and 1 in Vietnam.We recorded a total of 46 species of animals.Nearly half(47.8%)of these species were mammals,and 41.3% were reptiles.Among those species,24 species,which accounted for 52.2% of the total species,were listed under the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Speices (CITES),and 1 9 species,which accounted for 41.3% of the total species,were listed as state key protected wild animals.The products of pangolins (Manis pentadactyla),Asian elephants (Elephas maximus ),tigers (Panthera tigris ssp.)and bears (Ursus spp.) were recorded in both domestic and foreign markets with a higher encounter frequency in foreign border cities than in Yunnan Province.In addition to animal products,trade on live animals,such as the pangolin,common water monitor (Varanus salvator )and freshwater turtles and tortoises,was also recorded.Trade on pangolins had the highest encounter frequency in the whole survey.We also found an increasing trend of trade on species of animals not included in the state key protected list.Base on the current survey,we strongly suggest the following:improve law enforcement effectiveness,strengthen capacity building,establish the market and trade monitoring system,strengthen international cooperation and increase public awareness of wildlife conservation. Once implemented these measures will help to completely stop the illegal trade of endangered species,and lead to sustainable utilization of non-protected species in Yunnan Province.