神话学视域下《活着》中福贵的原型解构

美国著名的神话学家约瑟夫.坎贝尔通过比较分析不同地区的神话故事,总结出了不同民族神话英雄成长的一个通用模式,即:分离——历练——蜕变。《活着》是中国当代作家余华最负盛名的一部作品,它以第一人称的视角讲述了老人福贵六十余年的风雨人生,诠释了热爱生命的"活着"哲学。小说中的主人公福贵同样经历了从地位丧失到死亡考验最后到超然直面人生的蜕变过程,他的一生符合坎贝尔的神话英雄进化模式,因此可以被认定为是一个有着中国特色的神话英雄。

Analysis of the prototype of Fugui in Alive from the perspective of mythological theory

Joseph Campbell is a famous scholar of mythology in the United States. By reading different mythologies across different cul- tures, he figures out a basic myth patterns for the development of a mythological hero. The process begins with the separation of the hero from his familiar environment. Then, he is going to face many sufferings which are essential to his development. At last, he realizes his final transformation and becomes a real hero. Alive is among the best works by Yu Hua. It reflects the philosophy of ＂loving your life＂ from the narration of the hero＇s life by first person point of view. Fugui, the hero of the novel, loses his position at first. Then, he has experienced many sufferings, including the gradual lose of all his family members. At last, he has finished his transformation. Fugui＇s life experiences fully fit Campbell＇s theory. He can be regarded as a mythological hero with Chinese characteristics.