GNSS导航信号常见畸变产生机理及对测距性能影响分析

在全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)导航信号的产生、发射、传播和接收过程中各种环节的异常,都有可能对卫星信号质量产生影响。用户接收到异常信号后,会在一定程度上影响其位置、速度、时间(position, velocity, time, PVT)性能。开展GNSS导航信号监测评估,可以在第一时间及时准确发现异常并快速告警,确保GNSS用户,特别是民航、海事等涉及生命安全领域相关用户的高效、可靠使用。然而,针对GNSS导航信号的各种异常的综合监测评估,目前国内外尚无全面而系统的研究成果,因此无法进行实时或准实时的信号异常自动识别与分析。文中提出建立GNSS导航信号畸变模型库的理念,针对GNSS导航信号的产生、发射、传播和接收过程中各类信号异常,通过仿真分析和实测数据验证,建立一套较完善的数学分析方法,研究GNSS导航信号各类常见畸变产生机理及特点,并在此基础上,定性或定量地给出不同程度的信号畸变对信号质量评估以及对用户定位的影响。本文的研究成果能够为卫星系统故障自动识别与快速定位提供支撑材料。同时,还可为卫星星上信号产生方面的设计者提供参考,在信号设计和优化过程中提供依据。

Generation mechanisms of GNSS navigation signal distortions andinfluence on ranging performance

In the signal generation, emission, transmission and receiving processes of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), due to some unpredictable anomalies or effects, there are various abnormalities that would affect GNSS signal quality. Consequently, those unpredictable anomalies and effects received by users would influence the position, velocity and time (PVT) performance of the GNSS. By monitoring and assessment of GNSS signal quality, it would be possible to detect signal distortions and warn the users as soon as possible, thus guaranteeing a safe and efficient use of the GNSS, especially for civil aviation and maritime affair users. However, for the monitoring and assessment of a variety of abnormal GNSS navigation signals, there are no comprehensive and systematic research results yet, and no real-time or quasi real-time automatic identification and mechanism for signal distortion analyzing at present. The idea of establishing a GNSS signal distortion model is introduced. To detect GNSS signal distortions caused during the processes from signal generation to signal receiving, and to further analyze their impacts on the service performance of the GNSS, a relatively complete mathematical method is proposed through simulation and data verification. Besides, the generation mechanisms and characteristics of GNSS signal distortions are analyzed in detail, and based on that, the influences of GNSS signal distortions on signal quality assessment and user positioning are given both in qualitative and quantitative methods. The achievements in this paper could be used as a valuable technical reference for automatic identification and locating of GNSS satellite faults. In addition, it could also be a good reference for satellite signal generation designers in signal designing and optimizing.