调水工程河道内生态需水量研究及实例分析

生态需水的研究已成为国内外地球科学领域普遍关注的一个热点问题.南水北调西线工程调水河流牛态需水量的计算也是调水规模论证的基础.在对生态需水相关理论进行概括总结的基础上,应用国内外较为成熟的水文学和水力学方法,对西线调水工程的河道内生态需水量进行了分析计算,并根据南水北调西线工程调水区独特的生态环境保护目标,考虑主要保护两岸植被及河道内的水生生物,且结果能满足维持河流生态系统健康的需要,选取针对性的方法对河流生态需水量进行了分析与计算.结果表明:为满足不同保护对象对生态环境需水的要求,调水河段生态环境需水采用各月生态环境需水的外包线,即3-6月为4～55 m~3·s~(-1),7-2月为2～40 m~3·s~(-1).河道内各坝址下游的年均生态环境流量分别为:热巴40 m~3·s~1,阿安、仁达、珠安达、霍那均为6 m~3·s~(-1),洛若、克柯2均为2·7m~3·s~(-1).

ECOLOGICAL WATER DEMAND IN RIVER CHANNELS OF WATER DIVISION PROJECT:CASE STUDY

The field of ecological water demand has been one research focus in geographical sciences world-wide. Calculation of ecological water demand in water exporting river of the first stage western line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is the base of water transfer scale argumentation. Ecological water demand research was summarised, ecological river flow of water transfer project by ripe hydrology and hydraulics method were calculated. The need for keeping river system health and protecting plants on river banks and living things in river reaches were calculated according to the unique eco-environment of western route in water exporting region and for environment protection. Counter methods were selected to calculate ecological water demand in river reaches. Data showed that ecological water demand for water exporting river adopts epibolic various month ecological water, i. e. , 4～55 m~3·s~(-1) from March to June and 2～40 m~3·s~(-1) from July to February respectively. The yearly average ecological water is 40 m~3·s~(-1) for Reba, 6 m~3·s~(-1) for Aan, Renda,Zhuanda and Huona,2.7 m~3·s~(-1) for Luoruo and Keke respectively.