卢卡奇"总体性的辩证法"再思考--读《历史与阶级意识》

本文主要依据卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》这一经典文本．从卢卡奇、马克思和黑格尔三者之间的关系出发，提出“总体性的辩证法”由以产生的思想渊源和历史背景，并探讨“总体性”范畴的具体含义。文章认为“总体性”首先是一种具体的总体性，即：部分在总体之中，又存留其个体性．总体具有高于部分的地位．部分只能在与总体的联系中才有意义。其次，“总体性的辩证法”是主体和客体相互作用写统一的辩证法．它仅限于社会历史领域，是研究社会历史中主、客体运动的概念。最后，分析论述了“总体性的渴求”与无产阶级的阶级意识之间的关系．指出“．电体性的辩证法”是卢卡奇为了消解实证主义的马克思主义哲学理论．重新恢复了马克思主义哲学的批判价值功能．从而实现了马克思主义哲学在本世纪初的一次重要转向．

Rethinking On Luka'cs' Dialectic of Totality

According to History and Class Consciousness of Luka'cs,and according to the investigation on the relation of Luka'cs,Marx and Hegel,this paper discusses the source of thinking and historical background of the method of Dialectic of Totality,and also studies the concrete meanings of the conception of Totality.First,Totality is a concrete totality,that is to say,part is in the whole and remains its particularity.Totality privileges part and part has its meaning only by the relations of the totality.Second,Dialectic of Totality is the dialectic of the mutual function and unity between subject and object.It is the conception which studies the process of subject and object in social history and only exists in social history field.Finally,the relations between the yearning of totality and class consciousness of the proletariat are analyzed.It is emphasized that Dialectic of Totality renewed the critically valuable function and realized a key turn of Marxism philosophy.