足踝矫形器及其生物力学研究进展

 足踝矫形器是以非手术方法解决足踝问题的穿戴器具，可以有效控制足踝位置及运动，减缓关节负载。概述了足踝问题及相关足踝矫形器分别对人体的生物力学影响，探讨了计算生物力学的功能和在足踝矫形器评估中的初步应用。由于足踝生物力学的复杂性和研究技术的局限性，足踝矫形器的设计目前仍主要依据于经验，产品的治疗或康复效果存在很大争议。随着临床影像学以及测量技术和计算生物力学技术的发展，足踝生物力学研究能够更深入全面提供足踝内部和外部的受力环境，并广泛应用于足踝矫形器的设计和评估中。基于此，辅助以3D打印等先进制造技术，足踝矫形器将实现舒适性和功能性兼备的快速个性化定制，在具有良好的矫正效果的同时，其制造周期和成本将大大降低。关键词足踝矫形器；足踝生物力学；足踝损伤；关节应力

Biomechanics of orthoses of the foot and ankle

The foot is the most fundamental part of the human body for providing the body support, absorpting the impact and acting with the environment for propelling during movement. The ankle joint serves as a critical connection between the foot and the upper body. The problems in the foot and ankle will cause pain and weaken the functions of certain parts, and potentially result in further negative consequences to the lower limb, the pelvis even the spine. The orthoses of the foot and ankle, including the insoles, the braces, the arch supports and the ankle-foot orthoses, are used as non-surgical treatments to relieve pain, and compensate or retrieve functions. The foot orthoses could redistribute the plantar pressure distribution and realign the segments of the foot and ankle. The changes in the foot and ankle possibly will lead to biomechanical deviations in the upper body. It is critical to enhance the knowledge of the biomechanical consequences for the estimation of the efficiency and the optimization of the design of the foot ankle orthoses.