微孔有机聚合物

微孔有机聚合物是一种新型的多孔材料,在非均相催化、吸附、分离和气体存储等方面具有潜在的应用.它是最近几十年发展起来的,全部由有机分子的构建块组装而成的微孔（孔径小于2.0nm）固体.依据设计策略的不同,主要可以分成以下4种：（1）通过交联反应阻止链密堆积的超交联聚合物;（2）通过刚性和扭曲基团阻止链密堆积的自具微孔聚合物;（3）通过大共轭？-体系刚性结构组建的共轭微孔聚合物;（4）通过适宜的官能团发生可逆地缩合反应来制备的共价有机骨架聚合物.本文根据国内外的研究背景,重点介绍自具微孔聚合物和共轭微孔聚合物.

Microporous organic polymers

Microporous organic polymers are a relatively new class of materials that show potential applications in various fields such as heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,separation,and gas storage.The past decade has witnessed the development of microporous materials（i.e.,materials containing pores of dimensions less than 2.0 nm） derived wholly from organic components.Several design strategies have emerged to produce organic polymers with permanent microporosity：i） hypercrosslinked polymers,where extensive crosslinking prevents close packing of polymeric chains,ii） polymers of intrinsic microporosity,where polymers are prepared from rigid,contorted structures that cannot pack efficiently,iii） conjugated microporous polymers,in which the inherent rigidity of most conjugated ？-systems lends well to the generation of permanent microporosity,iv） covalent organic frameworks,which are crystalline materials formed by reversible condensation of appropriate multifunctional building blocks.On the basis of recent research progress,this paper will introduce the polymers of intrinsic microporosity and conjugated microporous polymers in major,and the other two kinds of polymers are also involved briefly.