我国小行星探测目标分析与电推进轨道设计

近几年,世界各航天大国陆续实施了小行星探测计划.近地小行星也是我国下一步深空探测的重要目标,国内航天相关单位正在积极开展近地小行星探测的前期任务论证与规划工作.以此为背景,研究了电推进方式探测近地小行星的目标选择与轨道设计问题.首先分析了近地小行星探测的科学和技术目标,结合我国技术水平的发展现状,给出了6颗适合作为探测目标的近地小行星.搜索了2016年至2020年之间探测每颗可能目标的发射窗口.为了增加探测任务的科学回报,特别关注了多目标、多任务的近地小行星探测,推荐了一次探测多个有价值目标的可行多任务探测方案：Earth出发-Nereus飞越-Apophis飞越-1999JU3交会.基于脉冲估算结果设计电推进轨道,将中途多任务探测作为内点约束整体优化小推力转移轨道,采用间接法求解燃料最优控制问题得到了小推力的最优轨迹.最后给出了推荐方案的详细飞行程序.

Target analysis and low-thrust trajectory design of Chinese asteroid exploration mission

In recent years,some asteroid exploration missions have been implemented.Near Earth Asteroids are the next targets of China＇s deep space exploration.The selection of targets is analyzed and the low-thrust trajectory design is investigated.6 potential target asteroids are presented.In the case of launching between 2016 and 2020,launch window for each target asteroid is searched.To get more scientific and engineering return,one asteroid exploration mission should rendezvous or flyby with several valuable asteroids.So the trajectory design for multiple asteroid are concerned about.Feasible multiple asteroid exploration missions are recommended.Based on impulsive evaluation results,the low-thrust trajectory design problem for the multiple asteroid missions is formulated as fuel-optimal control problem with inner constraints.At last,the low-thrust trajectory design results of recommended schemes are given.