科学史的向度

该文旨在发展一种系统的科学史学史分析。作者通过分析不同科学史研究者心目中所分别抱有的旨趣或动机、所分别认定的认知目标和对象、所分别采纳的研究角度和方式、所分别追求的认知价值和意义,识别、区分科学史的不同研究向度并描述科学史研究之向度空间。与此同时,作者通过分析这一向度空间的结构及纵向演变机制,以理解科学史研究的整体发展格局（科学史编史思想的纵向发展和横向互动,科学史与纵、横两方向上的相邻学科之关系

ORIENTATION ANALYSIS FOR STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Orientation analysis means understanding the history of hitory science by discerning the orientations of dimensions of historians of science.The author discerns several orientations of dimensions of studies in the history of science. In every dimension there is and has been a certain group of scholars who understand in a similar way the disciplinarity of history of science, embrace similar research interest and orient their studies to the same direction.It may be observed that scholars in the field of history of science working at different orientations aim at different targets in history,philosophy of science,sociology of science,or natural science.These targets are set up in accordance with the intent of scholars and supposed to be achieved by them.Then,the author analyzes the interactions between different research dimensions,as well as the relationships between the historical studies and the historiographical ideas in each dimension,to describe the structure of the orientation space(or diagram) consisting of these dimensions.