一种基于游憩时长的水景观满意度评价方法——以北京市大运河森林公园为例

提出一种水景观满意度指标，以游客的实际游憩时长t_R与期望游憩时长t_Rexp之差表达．以北京城市副中心的大运河森林公园为例，通过问卷调查获取t_Rexp，利用调查数据获取游客在公园内的行为参数并通过仿真获取t_R，然后根据公园水体水质与游憩时长的统计关系对t_R进行了调整．研究发现:1）水要素偏好明显受职业影响；2）在开阔水面景点的停留时长与多重因素有关；3）感官水质与总游憩时长之间存在显著线性关系．结果表明:影响水景观满意度中的职业因素、水质因素等对于改进我国北方城市水环境建设具有直接参考价值；作为一个具有技术可行性和开放性的整体论指标，本文提议的水景观满意度指标，可用于水环境治理工程的成效评价． 

To assess customers satisfaction at waterscape by sojourn time:case of the Beijing Grand Canal Forest Park

National policy of pursuing ecological civilization requires that waterscape design and pollution control programs should afford “sense of gain of benefit”, entailing an integrative method to assess overall performance．A waterscape satisfaction index or WSI is proposed here, as defined by deviation of actual recreation time expenditure (t_R) from expected time expenditure (t_Rexp)．t_Rexp values are obtained by questionnaire survey．Trajectory of volunteer visitors is used to model recreational behavior．The simulated t_R values are further adjusted by site-specific relationship between park sojourn time and perceived water quality．Occupation is found to shape preference to waterscape characteristics．The appreciation time of open water is found to be affected by multiple factors．Sojourn time is found to correlate with perceived water quality．These findings will help to improve ecosystem cultural services at waterscapes in northern China．WSI will assist effectiveness evaluation of water environment management projects．