珠江流域湿地保护优先格局构建与保护空缺识别

基于湿地现状分布数据，对珠江流域湿地现状被保护情况进行综合评价，并以湿地生物多样性保护为目标，运用系统保护规划的理论和方法，综合考虑GDP、人口密度等社会经济因素，以Marxan作为空间优化模型构建珠江流域的湿地保护优先格局，优先建立的保护单元共87个，面积共27 681.79 km2，最终形成合理保护网络，并针对各子流域进行评估确定湿地保护空缺，提出合理优化格局构建建议．结果表明，珠江流域保护体系缺失严重，亟需重构湿地保护体系:1）珠江流域上游的湿地保护空缺主要集中在高原山区湖泊、河流湿地广泛分布区域；2）对于珠江中下游区域，重在面向大型湿地空缺建立大型自然保护区，强化重要生态储备资源的保护与修复；3）对人为干扰最为强烈、经济活动最为繁荣的珠江三角洲区域，则重在对粤港澳大湾区区域的保护空间合理构架湿地公园或湿地小区，并因地制宜地开展针对性的滨海湿地修复项目，缓解围填海活动；4）海南岛及南海各岛诸河区域湿地保护空缺主要位于海南岛东侧与西侧部分地区，应根据各区域保护强度与发展程度不同，建立以不同类型的自然保护区、自然公园构成的以保护湿地为主的自然保护地体系．研究结果在一定程度上可作为珠江流域湿地保护体系调整的参考依据． 

Systematic conservation planning of freshwater wetlands in Pearl River Basin

Wetland distribution data were used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of wetland protection status in the Pearl River Basin, an important socio-economic development area．Aiming at protection of wetland biodiversity, theories and methods of systematic protection planning were used to consider comprehensively socioeconomic factors such as GDP and population density．Spatial optimization model Marxan was used to construct priority pattern of wetland protection in the Pearl River Basin．A total of 87 protection units covering a total area of 27 681.79 km2 were established, a protection network was formed, each sub-basin was evaluated to determine wetland protection vacancies．The Pearl River Basin protection system was found to be seriously lacking and needs to be reconstructed urgently．Wetland protection vacancies in the upper reaches were found to be mainly concentrated in areas where plateaus, mountain lakes and river wetlands were widely distributed．In the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River, large-scale nature reserves for large-scale wetland vacancies need to be established to strengthen protection and restoration of important ecological reserve resources．The Pearl River Delta region has been subject to strong human disturbance and experienced prosperous economic activities, construction of wetland parks or wetland communities in the protection space of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should be an urgent focus, to launch targeted coastal wetland restoration projects to ease reclamation．Wetland protection vacancies in Hainan and the rivers of the South China Sea islands are mainly located in parts of the east and west of Hainan Island．Different types of nature reserves and natural parks should be established depending on protection intensity and development levels in the region．These data could be applied to the adjustment of the Pearl River Basin wetland protection system, for overall protection, rational development and utilization of the Pearl River wetland from a macro level．Our work will be useful for key economic developments such as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area．