基于大数据的城市土地利用分类研究——以西宁市为例

以西宁市为例,基于宜出行和兴趣点（points of interest,POI）2类常用大数据以及最大似然、支持向量机和神经网络3种常用分类方法,开展了城市土地利用分类研究．通过对比不同数据与方法组合下的城市土地利用分类精度,确定了提取城市土地利用信息的最优数据组合方式和分类方法．并基于分类结果对西宁市的城市土地利用格局进行了分析．结果显示,基于POI和宜出行数据的神经网络分类方法获取的研究区城市土地利用信息精度最高,总体精度为71.25%,Kappa系数为0.62．主要原因在于综合POI和宜出行可以更加充分地反映不同土地利用类型的特征,而神经网络可以有效综合多源大数据的信息．因此,基于多源大数据和神经网络为快速有效地获取城市土地利用信息提供了有效途径,具有较大的应用潜力． 

Urban land use classification based on big data:case of Xining

Urban land use is the result of interactions among social, political, economic, technological and other factors within and without cities．Urban land use classification not only helps to analyze land use pattern, but also has great significance for rational urban zoning and promotion of sustainable development．Urban land use classification in Xining is done based on two types of commonly used big data (Easygo, points of interest or POI) and three common classification methods (Maximum Likelihood, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Networks)．By comparing the accuracy of results under different data and methods, optimal data combination and classification method for extracting urban land use information are determined．The classification results are used to analyze urban land use patterns in Xining．Urban land use information obtained by neural network classification method based on Easygo and POI was found to have the highest accuracy, with overall accuracy at 71.25% and a Kappa coefficient at 0.62. Easygo and POI can reflect more information about characteristics of different land use．Artificial Neural Networks can fully integrate information of multi-source big data．Therefore, it provides a potential way to timely and accurately obtain urban land use information with multi-source big data and Artificial Neural Networks．