论和算发生的社会文化基础

文章旨在从科学－文明史的角度探讨和算发生的社会－文化条件；分析了传统日本社会二元裂分的权力结构与文化结构，在此前提下考察了皇家－寺院文化与武家－平民文化对于艺道发展模式的形成所起到的作用，解析日本武家关于算的观念的历史变迁，并通过对江户初期文化整合的历史分析，说明和算何以在当时社会以艺道模式发展。

On the Social-cultural Agents of Wasan

From a perspective of the history of science-civilization interaction,this paper aims at giving an explanation to the rise of Wasan.The author points out that traditional Japanese culture had been developed in two basic paradigms,i.e.,the Royalty-Temple and the Buke(武家)-Civilian paradigms,since the bakusei(幕政)began.Each change in social power caused integration of the above two cultures,and the cultural integration has made the development of culture take on a new fashion. 　　In order to explain why Wasan began to develop as a geido(艺道),this paper further explores the concrete process of initiating the institutionalization of Wasan.The knight class gradually paid more and more attention to the art of calculation,especially since the War Ages.Japanese chado(茶道),kido(棋道),kado(花道)and Wasan were institutionalized in the cultural integration from Azuchi-momoyama(安土-桃山) to the beginning of the Edo period.The cultural integration led to the formation of the Geido paradigm.The so-called Geido paradigm was the very Iemoto-allowing system which stemmed from ancient Japanese hereditary apprenticeship system and Buddhist clery system.However,the Buke cultural atmosphere not only fostered the interest of all walks of life in Japanese society in these Geido,but also provided the establishment of the Iemoto-allowing system with the most fundamental political guarantees and social conditions.