南京灵谷寺森林的变化分析

<正>灵谷寺森林尽管过去曾遭受过严重的破坏,但自四十年代初以来就受到很好的保护。它在组成、外貌、结构等方面都有地区植被的共同特点,仍处于演替过程中。比之于三十年前,马尾松林现已达到成熟年龄,幼苗虽不少,但长不成幼树就死了。已有几种阔叶树如枫香、黄连木和刺楸等入侵松林,其幼树生长良好,形成林分的第二林层,可能会最后取代马尾松。同样,阔叶树也处于剧烈的演替阶段。一些阳性树种如槲栎等,三十年前曾经在林中居优势地位,现在因为更新不良,优势在不断减弱。相反,一些比较耐荫树种的幼树如黄檀、枫香等在林下大量出现。这种变化正在剧烈进行中。灵谷寺森林若能长期受到保护,不被干扰破坏,进展演替的结果,可能成为地区植被顶极类型。

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE SUCCESSIONAL CHANGE OF THE SPIRIT VALLEY FOREST,NANJING

The Spirit Valley forest, though seriously damaged in its past, has been well protected since 1940s. It possesses the genetal characteristics of the local vegetation in its floristic composition, appeatance and stand structure and is now in a stage of successional change. As compared with that in 1951, the pine forest (Pinus mass-oniana) is now reaching its mature age. Though its seedlings are numerous, none of them has become established. Several hardwood species have invaded the pine forest, their young trees forming the second storey of the stand and presumably replacing the pines eventually. Similarly, the hardwood stand is also in an active stage of successional change. Some intolerant species, such as oriental white oak (Qutrcus al-iena ?) and other species were the dominant elements in the stand thirty years ago, but now have become less prominent because of their poor regeneration. Instead, numerous young trees of intolerant species such as losewood (Dalbergia hupeana) and Taiwan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana) are glowing well undet the canopy. Such a dynamic change is actively under way. If the Spirit Valley foiest is well protected from further destruction, it will very possibly develop into a climax hardwood forest eventually which is the typical forest vegetation in this region.