矿业密集区地表热环境时空演变特征及驱动力分析

矿产资源是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础,矿业开采在促进地方经济、文化等快速发展的同时,会对区域地表热环境造成一定影响。在遥感和GIS技术的支持下,准确和快速地获取地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)及矿业用地信息,结合迁安市矿业开发过程特点,借助“黄蓝—差值影像法”、叠加分析法和剖面分析法等方法,系统分析了2000―2018年间,迁安市矿业密集区马兰庄镇的地表热环境时空演变特征及驱动力。结果表明：贯穿典型矿业用地的4条温度剖面线的波谷(低温区)均位于绿地和水域,波峰(高温区)均位于矿区采场裸岩、未进行生态修复的排土场矿渣和尾矿库内尾砂。2000―2018年马兰庄镇的高温区面积占比从2000年的25.11%,上升到2008年的39.93%,再下降到2018年的28.71%;矿业用地占比从2000年的25.78%,上升到2008年的38.78%,再下降到2018年的27.94%;矿业用地和高温区变化趋势基本一致,并且矿业用地与高温区空间位置基本重合。研究结果将深化矿业密集区地表热环境时空演变特征规律的认识,为制定缓解高温聚集效应策略提供定量参考依据。

Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of surface thermal environment in mining intensive areas

Mineral resources are an important material basis for the survival of human beings. While promoting the rapid development of local economy and culture, mining will have a certain impact on the regional surface thermal environment. With the support of remote sensing and GIS technology, Land Surface Temperature (LST) and mining Land information can be obtained accurately and quickly. Combined with the characteristics of mining development process in Qian "an City, with the help of "yellow-blue difference image method", superposition analysis and section analysis, etc., the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and mining Land information can be obtained rapidly. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of surface thermal environment in Malanzhuang town, a mining intensive area of Qian "an, were systematically analyzed from 2000 to 2018. The results show that from 2000 to 2018, the proportion of high temperature area in Malanzhuang town increased from 25.11% in 2000 to 39.93% in 2008 and decreased to 28.71% in 2018. The proportion of mining land increased from 25.78% in 2000 to 38.78% in 2008, and decreased to 27.94% in 2018. The change trend of mining land and high temperature area is basically the same, and the spatial position of mining land and high temperature area is basically the same. The troughs (low temperature zone) of each temperature profile line are all located in green land and water area, and the peaks (high temperature zone) are all located in the bare rock of the mining stope, the dump slag without ecological restoration and the tailings in the tailings pond. The research results will deepen the understanding of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of surface thermal environment in mining intensive areas and provide quantitative reference for formulating strategies to mitigate the high temperature accumulation effect.