论视觉化经验对牛顿的影响——以牛顿建立万有引力定律为例

艾萨克·牛顿于1687年出版的《自然哲学的数学原理》,囊括了那个时代力学和天文学方面的主要成就,统一地说明了横跨40个数量级的质量的运动,他所建立的力学理论至今仍然可以说是物理学理论中最基本、有效和优美的部分。特别是万有引力定律的建立,实现了地面上物体运动规律与天体运动规律的统一,对自然科学理论的发展产生了极大的影响和作用。同时,作为最伟大的物理学家、数学家和哲学家,牛顿的哲学思想和科学思维方法对后人同样产生着举足轻重的影响,文章从视觉化经验的角度对牛顿的思维特征进行了分析和探讨。

Discussion on Influence of Visual Experience to Newton

Isaac Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy,which published in 1687,contained main scientific achievements of that age,stated uniformly movement of mass which stretches across forty orders of magnitude.The mechanics theory Newton built can still be recognized as the most fundamental,effective and beautiful part in physics theory.Particularly the foundation of the Law of universal gravitation brought about the uniform of things’ movement rule on the ground and astronomical objects’ movement rule,influenced heavily on the development of natural scientific theory.Meanwhile,Newton’s philosophical thoughts and methods of scientific thinking generated great influence on later generations,the author analyses and discussed Newton’s thinking characteristics from the point of visual experience in the article.