聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

选用钠基蒙脱土和2种烷基季铵盐(十八烷基季铵盐和双十八烷基季铵盐)改性的蒙脱土，采用熔融共混的方法制备聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并通过广角X射线衍射和透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行了表征．研究了蒙脱土种类和用量对复合材料力学性能的影响．结果表明，3种复合材料均具有插层型结构，钠基蒙脱土用量在ω＝0．5％-7．0％，有机蒙脱土用量在20＝0．5％-3．0％时，复合材料的综合力学性能均有明显提高；有机蒙脱土用量ω＞5．0％以后，材料的力学性能降低，热稳定性变差．

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Three kinds of poly(vinyl chloride) montmorillonite (PVC/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending PVC, Na + MMT and two organically modified MMTs with different alkylammonium salts respectively. The microstructure was characterized by the use of wide angle X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated in terms of the MMT type and content. It was found that the three kinds of PVC/MMT nanocomposites have intercalated structures, when Na + MMT content is 0.5%~7.0% and two organic MMT contents are 0.5%~3.0%, the mechanical properties of PVC/MMT nanocomposites are all significantly enhanced. The processing stability and mechanical properties of PVC/organic MMT nanocomposites decrease when the organic MMT content is more than 5%.