黄河流域城市旅游效率的空间网络结构及其影响因素分析

旅游效率是衡量旅游经济高质量发展的重要指标，识别黄河流域城市旅游效率的空间网络结构特征对于推动黄河流域的旅游高质量发展具有重要意义.该文采用SBM-DEA模型，对2007—2018年黄河流域98个地级市城市旅游效率进行测度，运用修正引力模型分析城市间的空间关联强度，利用社会网络分析方法揭示其空间网络特征与演化规律，并探讨其影响因素.研究结果表明：1) 黄河流域城市旅游效率空间网络整体发展态势向好，但发展速度缓慢；空间网络中核心城市多位于中下游，上游城市基本处于“孤岛”状态.2) 空间网络集聚模式表现为“局部聚集，全局松散”形态，网络核心区扩散效应不稳定且范围有限，尚未形成稳定的空间网络结构.3) 地理空间邻近、旅游发展水平、基础设施水平及地区产业结构等因素对空间网络的形成具有显著促进作用.研究提出，应从国家和地方等多个层次推动黄河流域城市的协调发展，形成由中心城市—城市圈—城市群—区域城市网络的分层网络发展路径，并促进旅游发展要素的一体化建设与升级.

Spatial network structure and influencing factors of urban tourism efficiency in the Yellow River Basin

Tourism efficiency is an important indicator to measure the high-quality development of tourism economy. Identifying the spatial network structure characteristics of urban tourism efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is of great significance to promote the high-quality development of tourism in the Yellow River Basin. SBM-DEA model is utilized in this paper to measure the tourism efficiency of 98 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2018. Also， the modified gravity is introduced to analyze the spatial correlation strength between cities. Then， using social network analysis methods the characteristics and evolution of its spatial correlation networks are revealed with its influencing factors discussed. The result shows as follows. 1) The overall development trend of the spatial correlation network is good， but the development speed is slow.The core cities in the spatial network are mostly located in the middle and lower reaches， and the upstream cities are basically in an “island” state. 2)The agglomeration mode of spatial association network shows a “local aggregation， global looseness” pattern. The diffusion effect of the network core area is unstable and limited， and a stable spatial network structure has not yet been formed. 3)Factors such as geographic proximity， tourism development level， infrastructure level and regional industrial structure have a significant role in promoting the formation of spatial association networks.It's proposed that the coordinated development of cities in the Yellow River basin is required to be promoted from the national and local levels， forming a hierarchical network development path of central city-urban circle-urban agglomeration-regional city network， and promoting the integrated construction and upgrade of tourism development elements.