旅游业高质量发展的微观机理探析——以旅游性价比为中心

旅游业高质量发展以旅游经济质量的提升为基础，其微观机理亟需探索.基于旅游供需两个方面的基本特征，借鉴奥地利学派的价格形成理论，从旅游者利益最大化视角出发，建构了旅游性价比分析的拓展框架和四种典型类型，并利用收入弹性、价格弹性、交叉弹性等工具，对旅游性价比展开动态分析.结合2013—2019年国民收入按五等份分组的平均可支配收入等统计资料，把国民旅游市场分为价格导向型、偏价格导向型、中间型、偏品质导向型和品质导向型五类，并判断这五类市场的规模占比接近正态分布，由此认为，在未来一段时期内，旅游业高质量发展将表现为产品品质竞争和价格竞争的并存并重.依据帕累托最优原则，进一步分析了提高游客让渡价值的途径，指出发展数字旅游、防止市场垄断和增强公共服务，是充分发挥政府作用、促进旅游性价比提升的主要手段.

On the micro mechanism of high-quality development of tourism:focus on tourist cost performance

The high-quality development of tourism is based on the improvement of tourism economic quality， and its micro mechanism needs to be explored. Based on the basic characteristics of tourism supply and demand and the price formation theory of the Austrian school， an expanded framework and four typical types of tourist cost performance analysis are constructed from the perspective of maximizing tourists' interests. Dynamic analysis of tourist cost performance is developed by using tools such as income elasticity， price elasticity and cross elasticity. Based on the statistical data such as the average disposable income grouped by five equal parts of national income from 2013 to 2019， the national tourism market is divided into five categories price oriented， partial price oriented， intermediate， partial quality oriented and quality oriented. It is concluded that the scale proportion of these five categories of markets is close to the normal distribution. Therefore， it is considered that in the next period of time， the high-quality development of tourism will be manifested in the coexistence of product quality competition and price competition. According to the Pareto Optimality， approches for improving the tourist delivered value are further investigated， suggesting that developing digital tourism， preventing market monopoly and enhancing public services are the main means to give full play to the role of the government and promote the improvement of tourist cost performance.