非遗主体视角下传统技艺类文化遗产地方性话语环境建构研究

传统技艺类文化遗产作为中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，已被不同的主体表述并利用.该文以“传统技艺类非遗铜乐器”为研究对象，采用定性与量性方法相结合的方式，以河南省许昌市欧营村为例，运用扎根理论对受访者的访谈文本编码分析，构建地方性传统技艺类非遗话语环境体系，并通过问卷调查分析不同样本特征的非遗主体对非遗文化感知的差异特征.研究发现：1) 话语环境的构建过程中不同样本特征的居民，如性别、职业、学历和收入等，对非遗文化的感知与态度差异性较大；2) 话语环境的“支撑条件”有利于筑牢遗产归属，为主体的非遗保护和传承工作提供支持，包括居民自身对非遗的认知、保护与传承工作态度和地方认同.3) 话语环境的“结果”主要从非遗文化技艺流失原因、发展影响等探讨发展前景，结合支撑条件发现阻碍因素集中于年轻群体意愿、保护意识、技术操作、商业化与创新以及非遗产品或文化宣传等方面.至此提出通过发展旅游促进劳动力回流、学习平台建立身份认同并解决技术问题、品牌文化推出创新和现代营销媒体多渠道开展宣传等有效的建构路径.

Local discourse environment construction of traditional skills cultural heritage from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage subject

Traditional skills， as an important part of traditional Chinese culture， are expressed and utilized by different subjects. In this paper “traditional skills of intangible cultural heritage copper musical instruments” is taken as the research object. The qualitative and quantitative methods as well as using grounded theory is utlized to analyze the interviewees' interview text coding in Ouying Village. The local traditional skills of intangible cultural heritage discourse environment system is constructed， and the different characteristics of intangible cultural heritage subjects' perception of intangible cultural heritage are investigated through questionnaire survey. The results are shown as follows. 1) In the process of constructing discourse environment， residents with different sample characteristics， such as gender， occupation， education background and income， have a great difference in perception and attitude towards intangible cultural heritage. 2) The supporting conditions of discourse environment are conducive to the establishment of heritage ownership and provide support for the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage， including residents' own cognition of intangible cultural heritage， protection and inheritance attitude and local identity. 3) The “result” of discourse environment mainly discusses the development prospect from the reasons for the loss of intangible cultural heritage skills and the influence of development. Combined with the supporting conditions， it is found that the hindering factors focus on young people's willingness， awareness of protection， technical operation， commercialization and innovation， and intangible cultural heritage products or cultural publicity. Thus， some effective construction paths are put forward， such as promoting labor return through the development of tourism， establishing identity and solving technical problems through learning platform， promoting innovation of brand culture and carrying out propaganda through modern marketing media.