中国“乡村旅游重点村”空间分布格局及影响因素

乡村旅游是实现国家乡村振兴战略的重要方面，全国“乡村旅游重点村”可为实施乡村振兴战略提供新契机，该文通过分析全国“重点村”空间分布的影响因素，研究全国“乡村旅游重点村”的特点.该文以全国首批“乡村旅游重点村”中的314个村为研究对象，运用ArcGIS空间分析法探讨全国“重点村”空间分布特征，采用地理探测器法等方法系统分析.研究结果表明：1) 全国“乡村旅游重点村”空间分布区域差异显著，总体结构呈“南北均衡和中部凹陷”的空间分布特征，旅游资源以自然景观为主，人文景观为辅.2) 全国“乡村旅游重点村”空间分布具有空间自相关性，在特定区域空间上呈数量规模集聚，空间密度呈“双核中心，次级中心零星分布”态势，冷热分区与集聚核心中心高度吻合.3) 全国“乡村旅游重点村”点集系统空间分形结构特征明显，空间分布无显著的标度区，分形结构较为简单.4) 影响全国“乡村旅游重点村”空间分布的核心要素主要是旅游资源禀赋、区域社会经济以及区域基础设施条件等.研究结果印证了314个中国“乡村旅游重点村”作为乡村旅游培育重点，具有典型性和代表性.

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of"key rural tourism villages" in China

Rural tourism is an important measure to realize rural vitalization Strategy (RVS) in China， and “key rural tourism villages” in china is an important work to promote the effective implementation of the plan for RVS. By analyzing the factors affecting the spatial distribution of the national “key villages”， the national “rural tourism” features of “key villages” are investigated. In this study， taking the first batch of 314 rural tourism key villages in the country as the research object， the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of these villages are analyzed using ArcGIS spatial analysis， Geo Detector model， and other methods. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The regional spatial disparities of key villages in China were significant， showing the distribution characteristic of “balanced in the north-south while sunken in the central”. The main tourist resources are natural landscapes and cultural landscapes are supplemented. 2) The spatial distribution of “key villages” across the country exhibited autocorrelation. They are clustered in a specific area on a quantitative scale. The spatial density shows a “dual-core center， with sporadic distribution of sub-centers” pattern. The hot and cold zones are highly consistent with the cluster core centers. 3) The fractal characteristics of these villages are obvious. There were no significant scale areas of the distribution and the fractal structure is simple. 4) Resource endowment base， economic development level and infrastructure conditions are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution characteristics of key rural tourism villages. The research results confirmed that 314 “Key Villages for Rural Tourism” in China， as the focus of rural tourism cultivation， are typical and representative.