负重与振动刺激下的半蹲起踵练习对下肢爆发力的即时影响及其作用机制研究

为分析不同刺激下的半蹲起踵练习对下肢爆发力的影响及其作用机制,选取8名有训练经历的受试者依次在4种负荷刺激下(无负重,无振动;50Hz频率振动;45%1RM负重;45%1RM负重+50Hz)进行半蹲起踵练习,每种负荷训练3min,记录负荷刺激过程中下肢肌群的表面肌电活动及负荷刺激结束后受试者即刻的原地纵跳高度.结果显示:与无负重无振动相比,50Hz频率振动、45%1RM负重、45%1RM负重+50Hz负荷刺激下半蹲起踵练习受试者的纵跳高度均有所增加,差异有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01),尤其是负重加振动刺激下纵跳高度增加最为明显;下肢肌群的肌电表现EMGrms值除了半腱肌和胫骨前肌,50Hz频率振动、45%1RM负重、45%1RM负重+50Hz负荷刺激下半蹲起踵练习受试者的下肢肌肉表现EMGrms值均增加明显,差异有统计学意义(p0.05或p0.01);负重、振动与负重加振动刺激下半蹲起踵练习后之间的纵跳高度差异不具有统计学意义,外加负重与外加振动刺激下半蹲起踵练习下肢肌群的肌电表现EMGrms值差异不具有统计学意义(除半腱肌外),负重+振动刺激比外加振动或外加负重显著提高了股直肌、腓肠肌内侧的肌电表现EMGrms值.可见负重加振动刺激对提高主动肌的力量和肌肉激活程度效果显著,但对对抗肌的激活并无优势,建议在下肢爆发力的训练中重视对对抗肌的训练.

On Immediate Effect and Mechanism of Lower Limb Explosive Force After Half Squat Heel Exercises Stimulated by Load and/or Vibration

In order to analyze the effect and mechanism of half-squat heel exercises under different stimulation on lower limb explosive force, 8 subjects have been studied with training experience experienced half-squat heel exercises under non-load and non-vibration, vibration of 50Hz frequency, 45% 1RM load, 45% 1RM load plus 50Hz vibration respectively. 3 minutes of training were performed in each group. The height of the vertical jump was significantly increased in stimulated groups, especially under the stimulation of load plus vibration (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The EMGrms value of the lower limb muscle was significantly increased except for the tendons and tibial anterior muscles (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the vertical jump height among load, vibration and load plus vibration group, and no significant difference in EMGrms(except half tendons) of the lower extremities with load and vibration group. Theelectromyographic value of EMGrms was significantly increased in loading plus vibration group. The effect of load plus vibration stimulation on strength of active muscle is significant, but it has no advantage on resistance muscle.