白云鄂博稀土尾矿的工艺矿物学研究

采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、矿物解离分析仪(MLA)、电子探针,以及化学分析等分析手段对白云鄂博稀土尾矿的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布特征进行研究.结果表明:尾矿的矿物组成非常复杂,嵌布粒度很细.尾矿中稀土矿物为氟碳铈矿和独居石,铁元素主要赋存于赤铁矿中,氟元素主要赋存在萤石中,这三种矿物解离度较高,分别为87.28%,89.15%,96.70%.尾矿中铌元素主要赋存在烧绿石、铌铁矿、铌铁金红石、钛铁金红石等铌矿物中;钪元素主要分散在硅酸盐矿物中,钍元素主要以类质同象的形式赋存于稀土矿物中.此研究结果对白云鄂博稀土尾矿的高效综合利用具有一定的指导意义.

Study on Technological Mineralogy of Rare Earth Tailings from Bayan Obo

The chemical composition， mineral composition and dissemination characteristics of rare earth tailings from Bayan Obo were investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction， scanning electron microscopy， mineral liberation analyzer， electron probe microanalysis and chemical analysis. The results show that the tailings have complex compositions and fine disseminated size. In the tailings， the rare earth minerals contain bastnaesite and monazite， while iron mainly exists in the form of hematite and fluorine is in the fluorite. The liberation degrees of rare earth minerals， hematite and fluorite are 87.28%，89.15% and 96.70%， respectively. Niobium occurs in the niobium minerals， such as pyrochlore， niobite， teshirogilite， ilmenorutile and etc. Scandium distributes in the silicate minerals and thorium occurs in the rare earth minerals in isomorphism. The results may provide the evidence for the efficient and comprehensive utilization of the rare earth tailing from Bayan Obo.