人工招引啄木鸟防控天牛技术在南方人工林的应用探究

福建省是松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的疫区,发生的染病和疑似染病面积已超过6 700 hm^2。控制松材线虫病的关键是防治其传播媒介松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)。从“以鸟治虫”的生物防治的思路出发,探索人工鸟巢招引啄木鸟技术,验证该技术在南方森林的适用性。在建瓯天湖山和七里街水库共架设100个鸟巢,其中1个被凿穿,9个有凿痕,凿洞率达10%。啄木鸟喜欢杜英等较软的木材制作的人工鸟巢;啄木鸟对挂设树种(阔叶树或针叶树)没有明显偏好,但对挂设树种的直径有偏好,喜欢直径20 cm左右的巢树。本文认为在将人工招引啄木鸟技术推广并用于防控松墨天牛之前,应需对此方法的招引成效作进一步探索和验证。

Research on the application of artificially attracting woodpeckers in southern plantation

An epidemic of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has possibly swept across an area of more than 6 700 hm2 in Fujian Province. The key to controlling that disease is to control its transmission vector, Monochamus alternatus. Following the idea of biological control of insects by birds, this study explored the method of attracting woodpeckers by artificial nests, and tested the feasibility of applying this technology in Southern forests.A total of 100 nests were erected at Tianhu Mountain and Qilijie Reservoir in Jian′ou, one of which was pierced through, and nine of which had some gouges, so the rate of chiseling was 10%. Woodpeckers prefer artificial nests made of softer wood such as Elaeocarpus decipiens. In addition, woodpeckers have no obvious preference for the species of trees with nests (broadleaved or coniferous trees), but have preference for the diameter of trees with nests, which is approximately 20 cm. Before popularizing the technology to control Monochamus alternatus, the effectiveness of attracting woodpeckers should be further studied and validated.