高粱胚乳发育的观察与研究

采集花后不同天数的高粱颖果进行实验，得到以下主要结果：（1）高粱颖果的鲜、干重前期增长较快，后期增长速率减慢，而颖果的含水率呈下降趋势。（2）发育初期的胚乳组织在反足极有一突起，并手稿珠心组织。（3）高粱的淀粉体从花后第6天开始积累淀粉，颖果上方中部的胚乳细胞中淀粉体充实较好，而胚和转移细胞间的胚乳细胞淀粉体充实较差。（4）在颖果发育的前期和中期，果皮细胞中大量积累淀粉，而在颖果发育中期，果皮细胞中积累的淀粉随胚乳的进一步充实而消失。（5）在颖果背部维管束和胚乳组织间有充满液体的空腔，空腔周连的胚乳细胞特化成胚乳转移细胞，推测由北部维管束卸出的灌浆物质需经过这个空腔即质外体后才能进入胚乳。（6）糊粉层和色素层的形成与灌浆“废物”的屯积有关，高粱胚乳转移细胞及周围积聚的“废物”较多，因而成为黑色层。

The Observation and Study on the Development of Sorghum Endosperm

Sorghum caryopses with deferent days after flowering were observed in this study. The main results were as follows: (1) The increase of fresh and dry weight was fast at the beginning, while it became slow at later period. But the water content in the caryopsis was degressive. (2) At early developing stage, the endosperm tissue has a projection that inserts nucellus tissue in the antipodal cells. (3) At 6th day after flowering, starch accumulated in sorghum, and the starch grains in endosperm cell which was located in upper-middle of caryopsis filled well, but the starch grains between embryo and transfer cells filled bad. (4) During the prophase and metaphase of the caryopsis developing, starch accumulated largely in the pericarp cells, but in the metaphase, starch would disappear accompanied with repletion of endosperm. (5)There are cavum filled with liquids between the dorsal vascular bundle and endosperm tissue, the endosperm cell around cavum became specialized endosperm transfer cells, it can be concluded that the milking material which was unloaded from dorsal vascular bundle must pass cavum , namely, plastid.then transport into endosperm. (6) The formation of aleurone layer and pigment layer was related to assemblage of the filling waste; The sorghum endosperm transfer cells and their surrounding cells assembled more waste,so they turned into black layer.