广州地区大气可吸入颗粒物的化学特征及来源解析

在广州市区及其附近地区设立了7个采样站点采集大气可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)样品，分析了17种元素（Na，Mg，Al，K，Ca，Ti，V，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se ，C d，Ba和Pb），5种离子（SO_４^2-，NO_３^-，F^-，Cl^-和NH₄⁺）以 及元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC ）的含量，讨论了PM₁₀的化学组分特征以及气象条件对主要污染物的影响，并在此基 础上应 用主因子分析法对PM_10的主要来源进行解析。研究期间广州地区大气PM_10平均 浓度为125.8μg/m³，各地PM₁₀最主要的化学组分为有机物、SO_４^2-和地壳元素组分，分别占PM_10质量浓度的24%～32%，17%～21%和10%～12%。通过 主因子分析法确定广州地区PMPM₁₀的主要污染源 是地面扬尘、燃油排放、冶金化工及电子加工排放、燃煤、二次转化和生物质燃烧，其方差 贡献率分别为20.7%，17.8%，16.3%，14.3%，10.4%和6.3%。

Chemical Characters and Sources Identification of PM10 in Guangzhou Area

PM₁₀ samples were collected from seven sites in Gua ngzhou area and associated chemical species including seventeen elements(Na, Mg,Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb), five water solub le ions(SO_４^2-, NO_３^-, F^-，Cl^- and NH₄⁺) ,and organic an d elemental carbons were a nalyzed. This paper discusses chemical characters, the changes of PM₁₀ and maincomponents under different meteorological conditions, and also sources identification of PM₁₀ by principal factor analysis. The results indicated that the averagePM₁₀ concentration was 125.8μg/m³ and organic matter, sulfate and crustal dustwere maj or components with proportions of 24%-32% ,17%-21% and 10%-12%, respective ly in the seven sites. Principal factor analysis indicated that soil dust, oil burning, industry source(including metallurgy, chemistry and electric industry), coalburning, secondary source (by photochemical reaction) and biomass burning were t he main sources of PM₁₀, accounting for 20.7%, 17.8%, 16.3%, 14.3%, 10.4%, and 6.3%, respectively of the total variance in the data set.