三维石墨碳球泡沫对油类污染物的吸附研究

海上溢油事故频发，工业含油污水、城市含油废水的随意排放对人类生活环境和健康造成了严重的影响。传统的水油分离方法不仅容易引起二次环境污染而且也会造成资源浪费。因此，在本工作中，以多孔石墨微球为原料，采用凝胶注膜法制备了具有三维网络结构的多孔石墨微球泡沫，并将其应用在油类污染物的吸附中。研究结果表明，所制备的石墨微球泡沫的孔隙率高达62%，其孔径范围约为25–200 μm，且所制备的泡沫表现出良好的亲油疏水性，其水接触角（WCA）随温度的升高而增大，最大约为130°。此外，泡沫中石墨微球的含量对所制备产物的疏水性、接触角及显微微观结构的影响较大。所制备的泡沫具有优异的油吸附能力，对石蜡油、植物油和真空泵油的吸附能力约为12–15 g/g，约为石墨微球泡沫的10倍左右，在石油泄漏事故中具有较大的应用潜力。

Three-dimensional graphitic carbon sphere foams as sorbents for cleaning oil spills

Frequent offshore oil spill accidents, industrial oily sewage, and the indiscriminate disposal of urban oily sewage have caused serious impacts on the human living environment and health. The traditional oil–water separation methods not only cause easily environmental secondary pollution but also a waste of limited resources. Therefore, in this work, three-dimensional (3D) graphitic carbon sphere (GCS) foams (collectively referred hereafter as 3D foams) with a 3D porous structure, pore size distribution of 25–200 μm, and high porosity of 62vol% were prepared for oil adsorption via gel casting using GCS as the starting materials. The results indicate that the water contact angle (WCA) of the as-prepared 3D foams is 130°. The contents of GCS greatly influenced the hydrophobicity, WCA, and microstructure of the as-prepared samples. The adsorption capacities of the as-prepared 3D foams for paraffin oil, vegetable oil, and vacuum pump oil were approximately 12–15 g/g, which were 10 times that of GCS powder. The as-prepared foams are desirable characteristics of a good sorbent and could be widely used in oil spill accidents.