海洋拖缆地震资料关键问题分析及处理对策

南海地区的海底地貌复杂，起伏落差大，水道复杂、高角度构造发育，造成长期以来在该地区所获得的地震资料品质普遍偏低，不能满足后期地震解释及地质综合研究的需要。采集的原始地震资料主要存在以下问题：①拖缆漂移严重，羽角大； ②涌浪噪声干扰强；③多次波发育严重，给处理带来很大的困难。常规的二维地震处理方法不能很好的解决中、深部成像问题，本文重点针对拖缆漂移问题，采用伪三维处理思路：首先，对原始数据进行三维网格化；其次，对网格化后的数据进行规则化处理；第三步，选取偏移距分布均匀的线段重新合并回一条二维测线，最终CDP道集内偏移距分步趋向均匀，这样可以减少共中心点横向发散的影响。在此基础上，进一步压制涌浪噪声和多次波，最终的处理成果表明此方法的有效性，与常规处理结果相比成像品质明显提高，解决了中、深部成像模糊问题。

The key question analysis and processing technologies research in two-dimensional marine seismic data processing

As the complex topography in the South China Sea region,sea-bottom undulation,complex channels,high-dip structure,are maken a very poor seismic data quality.It could not satisfy the comprehensive seismic interpretation and geological research needs.The raw data of seismic acquisition are mainly in the following problems: ①streamer drift;②serious surge noise;③severe multiple wave interference,makes the seismic data processing a big problem.Conventional two-dimensional seismic data processing methods can not solve the problem of deep imaging.The drift of the streamer is focused on,used pseudo three-dimensional processing ideas: First,three-dimensional griding of the original data;Second,regularization processing after the data on the grid;Third step,select the offset uniform distribution line re-merged back into a two-dimensional survey line,makes the coverage number uniform,reduces the total impact of cmp horizontal divergence,and is useful for the noise and multiple waves suppression,but also is conducive to the result of image processing.The final results show the effectiveness of this method,compared to the conventional treatment,those key technologies indeed improve the quelities of seimic data imaging.