从“仁”与“学”到“仁之学”——谭嗣同《仁学》的两个维度及其关系

谭嗣同《仁学》的主题有二:一是,"仁"与"学";二是,"仁之学"。通盘考察《仁学》一书,再反观《仁学·自序》中谭嗣同对其写作《仁学》的论述,可以发现:通过对"仁"的整合和提升,谭嗣同由"学"至"仁"、化"学"归"仁",试图把"学"的认知理性和功利实用收摄在"仁"的道德理性与道德实践中,是一种关于"仁"的新学说。因此,谭嗣同的《仁学》,虽不脱中体西用论的窠臼,但是却具有融合中西文化的特点;虽是雏形,但却是近代学人会通中西文化而建构哲学体系的第一次尝试。

From Benevolence and Study to the Study of Benevolence: The Relationship between the Two Aspects of Tan Sitong's The Study of Benevolence

TThe two themes of Tan Sitong's The Study of Benevolence are benevolence and learning and a new study of benevolence. Through a comprehensive review of the preface of The Study of Benevolence,we can find that creating a new system of benevolence philosophy,benevolence is the main theme of The Study of Benevolence by combining benevolence,the rationality value with learning,the tool rationality. The new system of philosophy is the integration and promotion of benevolence,which tries to classify the rational cognition of utilitarianism into moral rationality and moral practice of benevolence. Under the paradigm of the Western use of Chinese style,the new system of philosophy that Tan Citong created is a communication between the Chinese and Western cultures. Although it is embroyonnic,it is a first attempt for the modern scholars to set up the philosophical system.