最后接近段交会对接飞行器人机联合控制的仿真研究

建立了一套交会对接人、机联合控制特性仿真实验系统的方法,设定对接控制的精度要求,选用26名年龄在20～40岁的男性青年志愿者进行了最后接近段交会对接的人机联合控制实验。实验的评价指标为追踪飞行器姿控与推进发动机点火的累计时间以及对接任务的成功率。实验结果表明,当受试者完成控制不多于3个相对参数,而其余由自动控制来完成时所形成的人、机联合控制的成功率在88.24%以上。此外,经过充分训练后,也有二名受试者完成了全部相对位置和姿态参数的控制。因此,在设计两飞行器的交会对接任务时,若要考虑到航天员的参与作用,让其完成控制两航天器间的俯仰、偏航和滚转参数较为合适,并且可以节省燃料。如果让航天员承担全部的参数控制任务,这就要考虑两方面的条件,一是允许消耗足够多的燃料,二是操作时间没有限制。

Study on Performance of Integration Control by Man and Machine in Stage of Final Approaching for Spaceship Rendezvous and Docking

A method was put forward to develop an experimental system in which the performance evaluation of spaceship rendezvous and docking(RVD)integration control by man and machine could be completed.After the RVD precision requirements were determined,26 male volunteers aged 20-40 took part in the performance evaluation experiments.The RVD integration control success rates and total thruster ignition time were chosen as evaluation indices.Results show that if less than three RVD parameters control tasks were finished by subject and the rest of parameters control task completed by automation,the RVD success rate would be larger than 88.24% and the fuel consumption would be optimized.In addition,there were two subjects who finished the whole six RVD parameters control tasks by enough train.In conclusion,if the astronauts' role should be integrated into the RVD control,it was suitable for them to finish the heading,pitch and roll control in order to assure the man-machine system high performance.If astronauts were needed to finish all parameter control,two points should be taken into consideration,one was enough fuel and another was enough long operation time.