上市公司股权集中的适度性对治理效率的影响

上市公司治理效率的提高，在很大程度上取决于其治理结构是否有效，而治理结构的有效与否，又取决于公司股权结构安排是否合理，其中大股东在公司治理中起着举足轻重的作用，上市公司的治理效率是决定中国证券市场健康发展的重要基础，因此，揭示我国上市公司股权结构对治理效率的影响就尤为重要。为此，文章以沪深两市139家上市公司为样本，运用综合评分法和相关性检验来分析股权集中与公司治理效率的相关关系。该文实证研究的结果表明：适度集中的股权结构有利于在股东之间形成有效的制衡机制，以激发股东参与公司治理的积极性，进而有利于长期治理效率的提高，同时，高度集中和高度分散的股权结构对控制内部人控制和经理人的激励产生了不同程度的负面影响。

Effects of the Decentralization Degree of Chinese Listed Companies Share on Corporate Governance

The efficiency of the listed companies, to much extent, results in that of the corporate governance, and meanwhile, whether the corporate governance is effective or not depends on the rationality of the share structure, in which large shareholders are always playing an important role. In China it is essential for security market to develop soundly. So there is not too much to emphasize the effects of the listed companies share structure on the efficiency of governance. In this paper using the methods of canonical test and synthetically grading, the authors analyze 139 Chinese listed companies, the samples of our empirical analysis, and draw conclusions that the proper degree of the share's decentralization will lead to the improvement of performance. Furthermore, both over-decentralized share and the other extreme also are propitious to the control of insiders' control and the stimulation of managers.