技术创新的草根文化基础

本文从技术史的角度,通过信息产业和传统产业的若干案例的分析,认为技术创新,特别是那些具有开创新产业能力的革命性的技术创新,像科学创新一样,具有自由想象、非规划、实用性不明确等特征,而具有这些特殊的技术文化是技术创新的生命力之所在,是技术创新的草根文化基础。在我国培育创新文化,需要改革目前的过分强调计划的科研管理体制,在教育领域需要纠正目前只重书本知识,忽视动手能力和创新能力的培养的倾向。在社会范围应该鼓励民间技术的发展并建立和完善风险基金和科技企业孵化器等措施。

Grass - Root Culture for Technological Innovations

Based on the case studies in information industry,such as Xerox PARC and Apple Computer,and the cases in traditional industry,such as the invention of steam engine,steamboat,the author concludes that,technological innovations,especially the very original innovations which start a new industry or profession,share the same features as the theoretical innovations in science.They are free exploration,no well planning,premature and short of practical use for a long time.The author emphasizes the importance of the dynamic folk technology,which is the grass root for the innovations in technology.