试析涂尔干《自杀论》中的实证主义研究方法

涂尔干的《自杀论》之所以在社会学史上占有里程碑式地位,不仅仅是因为它首次运用社会学方法和理论对自杀现象进行分析,论证自杀现象背后真正的社会原因,驳斥种种非社会学的解释,更主要是因为它在经验层次上验证、深化和发展了涂尔干所创建的实证主义研究方法.但涂尔干的自杀分析在一定程度上也存在着统计资料失真、推论失误、控制比较失效、结论不可证伪等问题.

On Durkheim's Research Methods of Positivism in On Suicide

On Suicide is a landmark in the history of sociology because it not only firstly analysed the phenomena of suicide by way of sociological theories and methods,demonstrated the true social causes of suicide and refuted all kinds of the false views of sociology,but also validated and developed Durkheim' research methods of positivism.On the other hand,Durkheim's analysis has several errors.For example,statistic data are distorted,deduction and controlled comparison are invalidated,conclusions are not proved and so on.