模式识别中不同记忆编码的模式和模板的匹配

通过一项全部报告实验和两项抽样汉字识别实验,探讨了模式识别中不同记忆编码的模式和模板如何匹配的问题.实验结果显示:全部报告实验中,待识别汉字模式平均转换到短时记忆的量为3.64个,比进入到感觉记忆中的信息量(8个)少得多,这表明感觉记忆信息向短时记忆的转换受到了约束;抽样汉字识别实验1中,匹配汉字模式识别量与其转换量之间无显著差异(p＞0.5),说明转换到短时记忆的信息被等消耗识别;抽样汉字识别实验2中,匹配汉字模式识别量约为其转换量的2倍,差异显著(p＜0.001),基于受约束转换和等消耗识别现象,由模式识别信息来源的判据的判据可知,模式识别直接利用了感觉记忆编码的模式信息.抽样汉字识别实验2中,与模式进行匹配的模板只具有短时记忆编码,因此,有理由认为:模式和模板能以不同的记忆编码直接匹配.

Match between Pattern and Template with Different Memory Codes in Pattern Recognition

To investigate how would the pattern match the template when their memory codes were different,two sets of experiments were adopted in this study. In set 1, subjects were asked to report the visually presented Chinese character patterns. In set 2,two experiments were involved and the task was to judge whether there was any in a set of patterns matching the template. The results revealed that the amount of visual sensory memory (VSM) information transferred limitedly into short-term memory (STM) in Set 1. In experiment 1 of set 2, only STM information of patterns could be used, and the amount of information that recognized equal the amount of that transferred into STM. In experiment 2, both STM information and VSM information of the patterns could be used, and the amount of information that recognized was significantly more than the amount of that transferred into STM. It suggested that the visual sensory memory information of patterns was used directly in pattern recognition. In addition,the information of the template was only stored in the short-term memory in experiment 2. It indicated that the pattern and the template could match directly when they hold different memory codes.