作物产量差与玉米高产设计

 回顾作物产量差及其成因的研究进展,从产量实现的稳定性、群体发育特点、品种选择与栽培技术特征及气候、土壤条件基础等方面,分析了中国玉米高产纪录田块与农户大田玉米的产量形成特征,设计了缩小高产纪录产量与农户产量差距,实现从小面积高产纪录田块到大面积高产的技术途径与方案。作物产量潜力的实现应是多层次的。产量目标不同,产量差距成因不同,产量潜力实现的限制因素、技术需求结构及增产途径也不同,生产技术研究与推广的目标、内容、结构和方式都要进行相应的调整,才能获得预期的目标。理论上阐明了作物实际产量与潜在产量之间差距成因的机制,明确了缩小差距的途径与技术对策,对于提高粮食产量、满足日益增加的粮食需求具有重要意义。

Yield Gaps and High-yielding Design of Corn

There is a huge gap betweem crop's actual and potential yields, among farmers in the same region and in different regions. It is very important to study the formation mechanism of the gap between the actual field yield and the potential yield, and to clear the way and to take technical countermeasures to narrow the gap for increasing the corn production to meet the increasing demand for food in future. Based on a review of studies of crop yield gaps and its causes, and an analysis of the yield formation characteristics of the record yield and the actual field yield related with the yields stability, the structure and the development characteristics of population, the variety selection, the characteristics of cultivation techniques and the climate, soil conditions, a technical program is designed in this paper to achieve a high yield from small plots to large areas. In addition, it is suggested that the realization of the potential yield should be in multi-levels, and the limiting factors to achieve the potential yield, the technical requirements and the yield-increasing ways are also not the same because of the different causes of the gap formation under the different yield goals. Therefore, the objectives, the contents, the structure and the methods of research and promotion of the high-yield technology must be adjusted accordingly in order to achieve the desired objectives.