北部湾入海径流研究展望

北部湾属于大陆架上的一个浅海湾，入海河流众多。每年夏季汛期，流入北部湾的入海径流形成的冲淡水在湾内构成独特的夏季型水文分布特征，给海湾生态环境和动力环境带来巨大影响。然而，北部湾入海径流对广西海域生态系统影响的研究至今仍未引起关注。2015-2017年，课题组针对风对北部湾入海径流扩散的影响展开研究，揭示了一些现象和特征，但对入海径流复杂影响的认识还远远不够，且目前的研究也仅限于广西近海，范围十分有限，得出的结论其代表性显然不足。所以，鉴于北部湾特殊的地理位置，可借助数值模型计算结合具有针对性的观测数据的研究方法，将广西近海与北部湾全海湾联合在一起，深入研究越南红河入海径流与中国广西沿岸入海径流联合作用对北部湾北部生态系统环境的影响，找出影响北部湾北部海域海洋初级生产力高值区形成，以及广西沿海高浓度氮、磷营养水体来源的主要原因，为广西近海良好生态系统的建立提供科学依据。这既是今后广西入海径流研究的方向，更是急需开展研究的新课题。

Research Status and Prospect of Runoff in the Beibu Gulf

The Beibu Gulf is a shallow bay on the continental shelf with many rivers flowing into the sea.During the summer flood season each year,the freshwater formed by runoff flowing into the Beibu Gulf constitutes a unique summer-type hydrological distribution in the gulf,which has a huge impact on the gulf''s ecological environment and dynamic environment.However,the study on the impact of runoff on the ecosystem of Guangxi has not yet attracted much attention.From 2015 to 2017,the research group conducted some researches on the impact of wind on the diffusion of runoff into the Beibu Gulf,revealing some phenomena and characteristics.However,the understanding of the complex impact of runoff into the sea was far from enough,and the current research was limited to the coastal area of Guangxi,the scope was very limited,so the conclusion drawn was obviously not representative.Therefore,in view of the special geographical location of the Beibu Gulf,the numerical model calculation combined with the research method of targeted observation data can be used to combine the Guangxi coastal waters and the Beibu Gulf together.The combined effects of the runoff from the Red River in Vietnam and the runoff from the coast of Guangxi,China on the ecosystem environment in the northern Beibu Gulf were studied to find out the main factors affecting the formation of the high value area of marine primary productivity in the northern Beibu Gulf and the source of high concentration nitrogen and phosphorus in Guangxi coastal waters,which could provide a scientific basis for the establishment of a good ecosystem in the coastal area of Guangxi.This is not only the direction of future research on runoff into the sea in Guangxi,but also a new topic that needs to be studied urgently.