国外科研机构研究生培养模式研究

科研机构开展研究生教育,在世界范围内已成为一种新趋势.各国的教育、科研管理体制各具特色,科研机构研究生培养也呈现出不同的模式和特点.本文梳理分析了国外科研机构研究生培养的几种典型模式,发现美国科研机构在政府政策指引和统筹协调下,与大学建立了紧密的合作关系,在研究生培养过程中承担着研究生科研能力和创新实践能力的培养和训练工作;德法大部分的科研机构通过与大学合作培养研究生,也有少数科研机构通过与大学合并重构成新的研究型大学进行人才培养;在亚洲,日本、韩国和沙特等国家在传统大学体系外,通过联合研究所或者新建跨学科研究院来创建新型的研究生院大学,开启了拔尖创新人才培养的新模式.本文借鉴国外科研机构参与研究生培养的模式,结合我国科研机构研究生教育的实际情况,提出我国在新时代应鼓励和支持科研机构以多种形式承担更多的研究生培养任务,为培养国家急需的高层次人才做出应有的贡献.

Study on Graduate Education Model of Foreign Scientific Research Institutions

It has become a new trend for scientific research institutions to carry out graduate education in the world. The management systems of education and scientific research in various countries have their own characteristics, and the graduate education in scientific research institutions also presents different modes and features. This paper analyze several typical modes of graduate education in foreign scientific research institutions, and finds that in the United States, under the policy guidance and coordination of the government, scientific research institutions have established a close cooperative relationship with universities for undertaking the training of graduate students'' scientific research ability and innovation and practice ability in the process of graduate education. In Germany and France, most of the scientific research institutions train graduate students through cooperation with universities, and a few research institutions through the merger with universities to form a new research-oriented university to train talents. In Asia: Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and other countries, in addition to the basic organizational system of traditional universities, have established new graduate universities through joint research institutes or new interdisciplinary research institutes, which has opened a new mode of top-notch innovative talents training. Based on the analysis above, combined with the actual situation of graduate education in Chinese scientific research institutions, this paper proposes that in the new era, scientific research institutions should be encouraged and supported to undertake more postgraduate training tasks in various forms, so as to make due contributions to the cultivation of high-level talents urgently needed by the country.