基于改进多频正弦激励的燃料电池电化学阻抗谱测量

由多个正弦波直接合成的多频正弦激励信号往往存在波峰因数（crest factor，CF）高，局部幅值大的缺点，不能直接应用于燃料电池电化学阻抗谱（electrochemistry impedance spectrum，EIS）测量。为解决这一问题，提出了一种通过粒子群算法（particle swarm optimization，PSO）优化多频正弦信号各单频分量相位的方法，降低了多频正弦激励信号波峰因数。首先，根据燃料电池特性建立了燃料电池阻抗模型，并研究了基于多频正弦激励信号的燃料电池EIS测量方法。然后，从相位优化的角度出发，通过采用PSO优化相位的方法实现了波峰因数最小化目标。最后，分别搭建了燃料电池EIS测量系统仿真模型与实测平台进行测试分析和方案验证。仿真与实验结果表明：通过改进多频正弦激励信号测量的燃料电池EIS与其理论EIS基本一致。可见该激励信号可以用于燃料电池EIS高精度测量。

Electrochemistry Impedance Spectrum Measurement of Fuel Cell Based on Improved Multisine Excitation

The multisine excitation signal directly synthesized by multiple sine waves usually has the shortcomings of high crest factor (CF) and large local amplitude, and cannot be directly applied to fuel cell electrochemistry impedance spectrum (EIS) measurement. To solve this problem, a method to optimize the phase of each single-frequency component of a multisine through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was proposed, which reduces the CF of the multisine excitation signal. First, a fuel cell impedance model was established according to the characteristics of the fuel cell, and a fuel cell EIS measurement method was studied based on a multisine excitation signal. Then, from the perspective of phase optimization, the goal of minimizing the CF was achieved by adopting the method of PSO to optimize the phase. Finally, the simulation model and platform of EIS measurement system of fuel cell were built respectively for test analysis and scheme verification. The simulation results and experimental results show that the fuel cell EIS measured by the improved multisine excitation signal is similar to its theoretical EIS. It can be seen that the excitation signal can be used for high-precision measurement of fuel cell EIS.