地质环境差异对中国摩崖石刻的影响机理分析

目的探究中国南北方不同地质环境背景下摩崖石刻风化病害的机理。方法采用野外调查、室内实验和检测分析岩石的地质特征、自然环境特征等进行对比分析。结果红石峡以风蚀打磨字迹消失、模糊或者字迹多处粗糙为主要病害,千佛崖以彩绘造像表面酥粉和粉化脱落为主;千佛崖岩石吸水率和饱水系数都高于红石峡;红石峡可溶盐主要为硫酸盐和碳酸盐,千佛崖可溶盐主要为硫酸盐和硝酸盐;千佛崖还存在NH4+,自然地理特征存在明显差异。结论中国南北摩崖石刻风化机理的共性表现为冷热风化、风蚀风化及水化水合作用,不同之处在于红石峡病害主要由风沙磨蚀、冰劈作用和碳酸化侵蚀造成,千佛崖病害主要由水化学作用下可溶盐离子表聚作用造成;文物的保护应采用各自独立的方法和手段。

The mechanism of weathering to cliff inscription in various geological environments of China

Aim To study the mechanism of weathering diseases in the context of different geological environments of northern and southern of China.Methods There is a comparative study that the weathering disease of cliff inscription on the Hongshixia and Qianfoya,including the geological characteristics of rocks by laboratory experiments,and the characteristics of natural environment.Results The major weathering diseases include inscription disappearing,becoming fuzzy and rough owing to wind abrasion in Hongshixia;while in Qianfoya,painted statues show crisp powder and powder shedding;the water absorption and water coefficient of rocks in Qianfoya are higher than in Hongshixia;the soluble salts are mainly sulfate and carbonate in the Hongshixia,and the soluble salts are mainly sulfate,nitrate and NH4+ in Qianfoya;the differences are shown in significant geographical features.Conclusion The common mechanism of weathering is the hot and cold weather-ing,erosion weathering and hydration.The difference is that the weathing is caused mainly by abrasive sand,ice split and carbonated erosion in Hong shixia,while accumulation of soluble salt ions on the surface in the hydration in Qianfoya.The protection of cultural relics should have separate ways and means.