台湾客家“年初三送穷鬼”习俗试探

台湾客家流传的＂年初三送穷鬼＂故事,是古风＂送穷＂习俗口头叙事的表现。藉此传说故事,探讨其习俗由来,而传说流传与习俗分布的区域相当,显见两者有相辅相成、互相依存、彼此强化的现象。＂送穷鬼＂故事藉由送穷鬼行为,表达民众祈求财富的愿望,以故事阐释民俗,其情节也吻合民俗的意涵。＂灶君＂故事则常与此类型故事复合,然不是灶君故事必要的情节,可见民俗之间存在交叉混同的情形。

Exploration of Taiwan Hakka Custom of “Sending away the Spirits of Poverty on the Third Day of Chinese New Year”

"Sending away the Spirits of Poverty on the Third Day of Chinese New Year" is a popular Taiwan Hakka story.Since this story has the same spirit as the traditional custom of "Sending Poverty away",it probably is the oral narrative expression of the custom.The purpose of this article was to explore the origin of the traditional custom by analyzing the story.The area where the oral story prevails and the one where the custom does are coincident,showing that the two are complementary,interdependent and mutually reinforcing.Furthermore,the story of "Sending away the Spirits of Poverty" expresses general people’s wishes for wealth and its plot corresponds to the connotation of the custom;while the story of "Kithcen God" is often compounded with this type of story,which is not necessarily its plot,showing that intersection and confusion between different traditional customs.