青花椒叶片水浸液的成份鉴定及其化感作用的生物测定

通过研究青花椒叶片水浸液提取物的化感成分以及对小麦种子生长的化感作用:GCMS结果表明,叶片水浸液提取物中的主要有机化学物质是:5a-雄甾烷-11-酮,(+)-细辛素,二氢-2-乙酰基苯并呋喃,正二十四烷,正二十七烷,正二十八烷,1,8-萜二烯,a-佛手柑油烯,(R)-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇,3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二烷三烯-1-烷,正十六烷和十二烷酸等,其中包含很多被报道过的化感物质。生物测定结果表明:与对照组相比,青花椒叶片水浸液萃取酸性乙酸乙酯部分对小麦幼苗和胚根的生长以及叶绿素的含量表现出极显著的抑制作用,中性组分对小麦的幼苗和胚根的生长以及叶绿素的含量表现出显著差异,而碱性组分与对照相比,幼苗与胚根的长度差异不显著。酸性组分在5 mL时对幼苗的伸长生长和根长以及叶绿素含量的抑制作用最为强烈,且随组分浓度的增加而增加,表明青花椒叶片水浸液中确实存在化感物质。

Allelopathy of the Aqueous Extracts of Leaves of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Zucc and the Identification of the Chemicals

Field experiments,simulations and chemical analysis were used to study the allelopathy of the aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zucc to the seeding growth. Allelochemicals in the aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zucc were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS）. The compounds mainly include 5á-Androstan-11-one,（ ＋）-Asarinin,Coumaran,Tetracosane,Heptacosane,Octacosane,L-Linalool,à-Bergamotene,trans-à-Bergamotene,Farnesane,Hexadecane,dodecanoic acid,etc,many of which were reported as allelochemicals. The result of identification showed that young plant,radical elongation and content of chlorophyll were significantly inhibited by the acidic fraction extrated by ethyl acetate from the aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zucc; young plant,radical elongation and content of chlorophyll were also dramatically inhibited by the neutral fraction; but the alky fraction compared with the contrast,didn＇t show the evident disparity of the young plant and the radical elongation. The effect of inhibition by the acidic fraction isthe most intensive,and the higher the concentrations,the stronger the allelopathy. The experement showed that the allelopathic substance exsist in the aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zucc.