从共时和历时角度考察社会文化与词义褒贬色彩的关系

词义是属于历史范畴，具有民族性和历史性的特点。它会随着时代的变迁和社会的变化而改变，例如：词义的扩大，缩小，升格，降格等，本文从共时和历时两个角度详细论述词义的升格和降格，也就是词义褒贬色彩的变化与社会文化之间的关系，得出传统民族文化心理，社会变革，和新的意识取向对词义褒贬色彩的变化起着重要的作用。

On the Relationship Between the Social Culture and the Word Meaning of Commendatory and Derogatory Colour from Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives

Word meaning is a national and historical concept, that is to say, it differs from nation to nation, from time to time. This paper deals with elevation and degradation of word meaning, in other words, the relationship between the social culture and the word meaning of appraising colour from synchronic and diachrenic perspective. And it elicits that traditional cultural psychology of a nation, social change, and the newly-accepted psychology play an important role in the words＇ affective meaning in terms of commendatory and derogatory sense.