露天煤矿选采理论及方法研究

针对露天矿开采过程中因选采效果不好而造成的矿产资源损失及贫化问题,通过理论分析与计算,研究选采工艺、开采程序、台阶高度对选采效果的影响。分析不同采掘设备的选采效果,以根据不同煤岩选采类型的特点选择最优的选采工艺。以单个台阶推进模型为研究对象,计算分析露天矿开采过程中不同推进方向的选采技术指标,以矿山经济效益最大化为目标,建立了煤层最小选采厚度优化模型。通过建立数学模型推导出台阶高度与煤炭损失率、岩石混入率、最小可采厚度、最小剔除厚度的的函数关系,进而找出通过优化台阶高度来提高选采效果的方法。以白音华二号露天矿为实例进行了研究,结果表明:通过选择合理的选采工艺、推进方式,优化台阶高度,可以有效提升露天矿选采效果。

Research on the theory and methods of selecting and mining open-pit coal mines

Aiming at loss and depletion of mineral resources caused by poor effect of selection and mining in the process of open pit mining,we research the influence of mining process,mining procedure and bench height on the effect of selection and mining through theoretical analysis and calculation.The selection and mining effect of different equipment is analyzed to select the optimal mining technology according to the characteristics of different types of coal and rock.Taking the mining model with a single bench as the research object,we analyze and calculate the selection and mining indexes of different advancing directions,and establish an optimization model of minimum thickness of coal seam with the goal of maximizing the economic benefits.By establishing mathematical model,the relationship between step height and coal loss rate,rock mixing ratio,minimum recoverable thickness and minimum thickness is deduced,and then the method to improve the effect of selection and mining by optimizing the bench height is found out.Baiyinhua No.2 open-pit mine is taken as an example and the results show that by choosing proper mining technology,advancing method and optimizing the height of the bench height,the selection and mining effect of the open pit mine can be effectively improved.