中国国有经济的等级制产权结构及其演变

改革之前，中国国有经济的剩余索取权和控制权是按政治级别的高低在国有制受益集团内部正向配置的，形成为等级制产权结构。其中，主管官员拥有较大产权，国有企业经理次之，职工获得的产权较小。改革之后，企业经理的剩余索取权和控制权有所增大，但等级制产权结构依然存在。等级制产权制度具有维持国有制受益集团稳定的内在机制，这是国有企业能坚持渐进变革道路的一个重要原因。

Property Right in China's State owned Economy:Rank's Institution and Changes

Before the reform, the demanding and commanding rights for the surplus in China's state owned economy were compounded straight according to the superiority or inferiority of political ranks in the state owned economy's ineterst groups, thus the rank's institution was formed. In it, the chief official occupied considerable property right and the manager of the state owned enterprise took second place while the ordinary staff and workers had very limited property right. After the reform, the enterprise managers' demanding and commanding rights for the surplus have been increasing, but the rank's institution still exists. The rank's institution has the inherent mechanism of maintaining the stability of the state owned enterprises' interest groups and this is the fundamental cause for the state owned enterprises to persist in the way of gradual transformation.