山东省沿岸海域海洋垃圾分布、组成和变化特征

海洋垃圾主要包括海面漂浮垃圾、海滩垃圾和海底垃圾。根据2011~2015年的调查资料,分析了山东省8处典型近岸海域海洋垃圾的分布、组成和变化特征。结果显示:山东省海滩垃圾数量密度为87 557个/km~2,质量密度为1 255.52 kg/km~2;大块/特大块漂浮垃圾数量密度为58个/km~2;中块/小块漂浮垃圾数量密度为4 515个/km~2,质量密度为51.25 kg/km~2;海底垃圾平均数量密度为800个/km~2,质量密度为220.56 kg/km~2。海洋垃圾数量以塑料类最多,约占总量的54.16%。海洋垃圾来源以人类海岸活动的海洋垃圾数量最多,约占77.09%。山东省沿岸海域海洋垃圾除海滩垃圾质量密度外,其余各监测项目均高于中国东部沿海海域(ECS)监测数据水平。

The Distribution,Composition and Change Characteristics of Marine Debris in the Coastal Area of Shandong Province

Marine debris includes floating marine debris,beached marine debris and sea-floor marine debris. According to investigations of eight typical coastal area of Shandong Province in 2011 to 2015,the Distribution,Composition and Characteristics of Marine Debris were studied. The results showed that the number densities and quantity densities of beached marine debris was 87557 items/km2 and 1255.52 kg/km2; The number densities of large size/outsized floating marine debris was 58 items/km2; The number densities and quantity densities of small/medium sized floating marine debris was 4515 items/km2 and 51.25 kg/km2; The number densities and quantity densities of sea-floor marine debris was 800 items/km2 and 220.56 kg/km2. The highest proportions of marine debris was plastics(54.16%),and about 77.09% of marine debris was came from anthropogenic inputs. In addition to the quantity densities of beached marine debris outside,the marine debris densities in the coastal area of Shandong Province were higher than the coastal East China Sea(ECS).