不同尺度林木蒸腾耗水测算方法述评

阐述了林木蒸腾耗水的概念及其研究意义,通过回顾林木蒸发散方面的研究成果,梳理了树木蒸腾耗水研究的发展进程,并从枝叶、单木、林分和区域(流域)4个尺度上,综合评述了当前国内外关于林木蒸腾耗水量的测算方法,对比分析了不同测算方法的测定对象、适用条件及优缺点等。在此基础上,对树木蒸腾耗水研究的重点进行了分析,认为:①不同区域、不同尺度、不同树种的林木蒸腾耗水量的测算,要选择最适合的测算方法及估算模型,并充分考虑模型参数的本地化。②不同尺度运用不同测算方法,需要寻找尺度转换的误差所在,提高林木蒸腾耗水量测算的精度。③通过长期定位观测,将实测数据与遥感技术、遥感影像相结合,解决遥感影像的不连续问题,建立测定林木蒸发散的普适模型。④对植物蒸散的过程和机理展开更深层次的研究,需要气象学、水文学、植物生理学、土壤物理学、微气象学、遥感技术等多学科、多部门的联合; 作为非均一的下垫面,林木层内植被与环境、植被间的相互作用,以及理论假设等问题是未来蒸散研究的热点。

A review of the calculation method of water consumption by tree transpiration in different scales

In this paper, the concept and significance of water consumption of forest transpiration were expounded systematically based on collecting investigating datum. The development process of study on water consumption of forest transpiration was combed by reviewing the achievements in the field of evaporation research in the world during last 200 years. The calculation methods of water consumption of forest transpiration were observed on four scales such as branches, a single tree, forest stand and region(watershed). Base on the comparison of determination subjects, suitable conditions, advantages and disadvantages, the research on calculation methods about water consumption of forest transpiration was reviewed. This review aims to enhance the scientific research, technology and the cognition of administrators on water consumption of forest transpiration. It also aims to provide certain references to the choice of high performance, and suitable methods for the future water resource management and scientific research, and to promote the further development of forest transpiration of water research.